Your surroundings significantly influence how much you work out, eat, and therefore how much you weigh. Dr. Komaroff says, “We don’t have to wait for a magic potion. We already have a proven treatment that profoundly protects our health: exercise.”
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Professor Li-Jun Yang, from the Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Florida’s College of Medicine, is currently leading the most recent research on irisin. The study’s objective was to learn more about what irisin does and how the hormone helps turn white fat cells, which store calories, into brown fat cells, which burn energy.
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Irisin works by increasing the activity of genes and a protein that are important for changing white fat cells to brown fat cells. Researchers also found that irisin contributes to burning fat by making brown fat cells use much more energy.
Professor Yang and his team carried out the research by getting fat cells from 28 people who had undergone breast reduction surgery. Scientists gave the fat samples irisin and found that the number of cells with the UCP1 protein, which is essential for burning fat, increased by almost five times. He says, “We used human fat tissue cultures to prove that irisin has a positive effect by turning white fat into brown fat and that it increases the body’s fat-burning ability.”
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After analyzing the fat tissue samples, it was found that irisin stops fat cells from forming by reducing the number of mature fat cells by 20–60% compared to the control group. These findings indicate that this fat-burning hormone makes the body store less fat by stopping the process that turns undifferentiated stem cells into fat cells. It also helps the stem cells turn into cells that make bones.
The beneficial effects of irisin could even be used to develop therapies in the future. But whether or not an irisin-based treatment would work is unclear and would certainly not happen any time soon. Professor Yang says: “Instead of waiting for a miracle drug, you can help yourself by changing your lifestyle. Exercise produces more irisin, which has many beneficial effects including fat reduction, stronger bones, and better cardiovascular health.”
The researchers say that they think this is the first study of its kind to look at how irisin affects human fat tissue and fat cells. It also supports earlier findings that irisin could be a good target for helping people with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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